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Animal-Derived Food Additives List
(Page last updated in September 2007)
Let's face it, unless you're a food technologist
or you've done a major in chemistry, 'L-Cysteine Hydrochloride' or 'Stearoyl Lactylate' are
not going to mean much to you. So what do you do if you're a vegetarian and you wish
to avoid food additives that are derived from animal products? You refer to tables
like the ones on this page, that's what!
Additives on product labels are listed as a number
(e.g. emulsifier (471)) or by the name. For ease of reference, that's why we've
listed the additives by both name and by number. Also, many additives may be derived
from plants/minerals/(the lab!) or from animals, so we've separated additives into those
that ARE derived from animals, and those that MAY BE derived from
animals. In the case of the latter, you will need to check with the manufacturer of
the product to be sure about its suitability for vegetarians and vegans.
Please
note:
The information provided on this page is accurate and correct to the best of our
knowledge. No responsibility or liability will be taken for information that is
subsequently found to be incorrect. As
manufacturers can vary the source of the ingredients in their products from
time to time, if you wish to ensure that a product is definitely suitable for
vegetarians or vegans, you will need to contact them directly for
confirmation.
Animal-Derived Food Additives List
Index to this page:
- Food Additives Derived from Animal
Products (listed by number)
- Food Additives THAT MAY BE
Derived from Animal Products (listed by number)
- Food Additives Derived from Animal
Products (listed by name)
- Food Additives THAT MAY BE
Derived from Animal Products (listed by name)
As at September
2007, any food additives not on
the lists below are, to the best of our knowledge, always suitable for vegetarians and vegans.
FOOD ADDITIVES
DERIVED FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTS
(listed by number) |
|
CODE
|
ADDITIVE
|
DESCRIPTION
|
120 |
Cochineal |
A
natural red colour derived from the bodies of pregnant scale insects. |
441 |
Gelatine |
A
thickening, stabilising emulsifying agent made by boiling animal
(usually cattle or pigs) skin, ligaments, bones, sinews or other tissue. |
469 |
Sodium
Caseinate |
An
emulsifier, stabiliser & binder, derived from cow’s milk. |
542 |
Bone
Phosphate |
An
anti-caking agent made from the degreased steam-extract from animal bones. |
901 |
Beeswax
(white & yellow) |
A
glazing and polishing agent made from bee honeycomb. |
904 |
Shellac |
Glazing
agent obtained from the resin produced by the lac insect. |
FOOD ADDITIVES THAT MAY BE
DERIVED FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTS
(listed by number) |
|
CODE
|
ADDITIVE
|
COMMENTS
|
|
153
|
Carbon
Black |
|
|
160a
|
Alpha-,
Beta-, Gamma- Carotene |
May
be held in gelatine matrix. |
|
161g |
Canthaxanthin |
|
|
252
|
Potassium
Nitrate |
|
|
270
|
Lactic
Acid |
Lactic
acid is bitter-tasting acid that forms when certain bacteria combine
with lactose (milk or sugar). It is used to impart a tart flavour, as well as in the preservation of some foods. It occurs
naturally in the souring of milk and can be found in foods such as
cheese (used in coagulation) and yogurt. It's also used in the
production of acid-fermented foods such as pickles and sauerkraut. |
|
322
|
Lecithin |
An
emulsifier (which allows water & oils to mix); is mostly derived from soy beans,
seeds, peanuts and maize. Although it may be derived from eggs, in this form it is
declared as ‘egg yolk’ and not as ‘322’. |
|
325
|
Sodium
Lactate |
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
|
326
|
Potassium
Lactate |
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
|
327
|
Calcium
Lactate |
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
|
328
|
Ammonium
Lactate |
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
|
329
|
Magnesium
Lactate |
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
|
422
|
Glycerol/Glycerin |
May
be produced from animal fats, synthesised from propylene or from fermentation of sugars. |
|
430
|
Polyoxyethylene
(8) Stearate |
|
|
431
|
Polyoxyethylene
(40) Stearate |
|
|
432
|
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monolaurate or Polysorbate 20 |
|
|
433
|
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Mono-Oleate or Polysorbate 80 |
|
|
434
|
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate |
|
|
435
|
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monostearate or Polysorbate 60 |
|
|
436
|
Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Tristearate or Polysorbate 65 |
|
|
442
|
Ammonium
Phosphatides |
|
|
470a
|
Sodium,
Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids |
|
|
470b
|
Magnesium
Stearate |
|
|
471
|
Mono-
and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids |
|
|
472a
|
Acetic
& Fatty Esters of Glycerol |
|
|
472b
|
Lactic
& Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
|
|
472c
|
Citric
& Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
|
|
472d
|
Tartaric
& Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
|
|
472e
|
Di-Acetyl
Tartaric & Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
|
|
472f
|
Mixed
Acetic and Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids |
|
|
473
|
Sucrose
Esters of Fatty Acids |
|
|
474
|
Sucroglycerides |
|
|
475
|
Polyglycerol
Esters of Fatty Acids |
|
|
476
|
Polyglycerol
Esters of Interesterified Ricinoleic Acid |
|
|
477
|
Propylene
Glycol Mono- and Di-Esters |
|
|
478
|
Lactylated
Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol and Propane-1,2 Diol |
|
|
479b
|
Thermally
Oxidised Soya Bean Oil Interacted With Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids |
|
|
481
|
Sodium
Oleyl or Stearoyl Lactylate |
|
|
482
|
Calcium
Oleyl or Stearoyl Lactylate |
|
|
483
|
Stearyl
Tartrate |
|
|
491
|
Sorbitan
Monostearate |
|
|
492
|
Sorbitan
Tristearate |
|
|
493
|
Sorbitan
Monolaurate |
|
|
494
|
Sorbitan
Mono-Oleate |
|
|
495
|
Sorbitan
Monopalmitate |
|
|
570
|
Stearic
Acid |
|
|
572
|
Magnesium
Stearate |
|
|
585
|
Ferrous
Lactate |
|
|
627
|
Disodium
5'-Guanylate |
A
flavour enhancer, isolated from sardines or yeast extract.
|
|
630 |
Inosinic
Acid |
|
|
631 |
Disodium
Inosinate |
A
flavour enhancer, often prepared from meat extract and dried sardines. It can also be a synthetic product made via a microbial synthesis
process that begins with a vegetable source.
|
|
635
|
Sodium
5'-Ribonucleotides |
Flavour
enhancer.
|
|
640
|
Glycine
and its Sodium Salt |
|
|
910
|
L-Cysteine |
A
flour treatment agent that can be extracted from duck and chicken
feathers.
|
|
920
|
L-Cysteine Monohydrochloride |
L-Cysteine
is a flour treatment agent that can be extracted from duck and chicken
feathers.
|
|
921
|
L-Cysteine
Hydrochloride Monohydrate |
L-Cysteine
is a flour treatment agent that can be extracted from duck and chicken
feathers.
|
|
966
|
Lactitol |
|
|
1518 |
Glycerol
Mono-, Di- and Tri-Acetate or Tracetin |
|
FOOD ADDITIVES
DERIVED FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTS
(listed by name) |
|
ADDITIVE
|
CODE
|
DESCRIPTION
|
| Beeswax
(white & yellow) |
901
|
A
glazing and polishing agent made from bee honeycomb. |
| Bone
Phosphate |
542
|
An
anti-caking agent made from the degreased steam-extract from animal bones. |
| Cochineal |
120
|
A
natural red colour derived from the bodies of pregnant scale insects. |
| Gelatine |
441
|
A
thickening, stabilising emulsifying agent made by boiling animal (usually cattle or pigs)
skin, ligaments, bones, sinews or other tissue. |
| Shellac |
904
|
Glazing agent obtained from the lac insect. |
Sodium Caseinate |
469 |
An
emulsifier, stabiliser & binder, derived from cow’s milk. |
FOOD ADDITIVES THAT MAY BE
DERIVED FROM ANIMAL
PRODUCTS
(listed by name) |
|
ADDITIVE
|
CODE
|
COMMENTS
|
| Acetic
& Fatty Esters of Glycerol |
472a |
|
| Alpha-Carotene |
160a
|
May
be held in gelatine matrix. |
| Ammonium
Lactate |
328
|
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
| Ammonium
Phosphatides |
442
|
|
| Beta-Carotene |
160a
|
May
be held in gelatine matrix. |
| Calcium
Oleyl |
482
|
|
Calcium Lactate |
327
|
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
Canthaxanthin |
161g
|
|
| Carbon
Black |
153
|
|
| Citric
& Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
472c
|
|
| Di-Acetyl
Tartaric & Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
472e
|
|
| Disodium 5'-Guanylate |
627
|
A flavour enhancer, isolated from sardines or yeast extract. |
| Disodium
Inosinate |
631
|
A
flavour enhancer, often prepared from meat extract and dried sardines. It can also be a synthetic product made via a microbial synthesis
process that begins with a vegetable source. |
| Ferrous
Lactate |
585
|
|
| Gamma-Carotene |
160a
|
May
be held in gelatine matrix. |
| Glycerol/Glycerin |
422
|
May
be produced from animal fats, synthesised from propylene or from fermentation of sugars. |
| Glycerol
Di-Acetate |
1518
|
|
| Glycerol
Mono-Acetate |
1518
|
|
| Glycerol
Tri-Acetate |
1518
|
|
| Glycine
and its Sodium Salt |
640
|
|
| Inosinic
Acid |
630
|
|
| Lactitol |
966
|
|
| Lactic
Acid |
270
|
Lactic
acid is bitter-tasting acid that forms when certain bacteria combine
with lactose (milk or sugar). It is used to impart a tart flavour, as well as in the preservation of some foods. It occurs
naturally in the souring of milk and can be found in foods such as
cheese (used in coagulation) and yogurt. It's also used in the
production of acid-fermented foods such as pickles and sauerkraut. |
| Lactic
& Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
472b
|
|
| Lactylated
Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
478
|
|
| L-Cysteine |
910
|
A
flour treatment agent that can be extracted from duck and chicken
feathers.
|
| L-Cysteine Monohydrochloride |
920
|
L-Cysteine
is a flour treatment agent that can be extracted from duck and chicken
feathers.
|
| L-Cysteine
Hydrochloride Monohydrate |
921
|
L-Cysteine
is a flour treatment agent that can be extracted from duck and chicken
feathers.
|
| Lecithin |
322
|
An
emulsifier (which allows water & oils to mix), is mostly derived from soy beans,
seeds, peanuts and maize. Although it may be derived from eggs, in this form it is
declared as ‘egg yolk’ and not as ‘322’. |
| Magnesium
Lactate |
329
|
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
| Magnesium
Stearate |
470b,572 |
|
| Mixed
Acetic and Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids |
472f
|
|
| Mono-
and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids |
471
|
|
| Polyglycerol
Esters of Fatty Acids |
475
|
|
| Polyglycerol
Esters of Interesterified Ricinoleic Acid |
476
|
|
| Potassium
Lactate |
326
|
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
| Potassium
Nitrate |
252
|
|
| Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monolaurate |
432
|
|
| Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Mono-Oleate |
433
|
|
| Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate |
434
|
|
| Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Monostearate |
435
|
|
| Polyoxyethylene
(20) Sorbitan Tristearate |
436
|
|
| Polyoxyethylene
(8) Stearate |
430
|
|
| Polyoxyethylene
(40) Stearate |
431
|
|
| Polysorbate
20 |
432
|
|
| Polysorbate
60 |
435
|
|
| Polysorbate
65 |
436
|
|
| Polysorbate
80 |
433
|
|
| Propane-1,2
Diol |
478
|
|
| Propylene
Glycol Mono- and Di-Esters |
477
|
|
| Sodium
5'-Ribonucleotides |
635
|
Flavour
enhancer.
|
| Sodium
Lactate |
325
|
|
| Sodium
Oleyl |
481
|
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
| Sodium,
Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids |
470a
|
|
| Sorbitan
Monolaurate |
493
|
|
| Sorbitan
Mono-Oleate |
494
|
|
| Sorbitan
Monopalmitate |
495
|
|
| Sorbitan
Monostearate |
491
|
|
| Sorbitan
Tristearate |
492
|
|
| Stearoyl
Lactylate |
481,
482
|
A
derivative of lactic acid. |
| Stearyl
Tartrate |
483
|
|
| Sucroglycerides |
474
|
|
| Sucrose
Esters of Fatty Acids |
473
|
|
| Stearic
Acid |
570
|
|
| Tartaric
& Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol |
472d
|
|
| Thermally
Oxidised Soya Bean Oil Interacted With Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids |
479b
|
|
| Tracetin |
1518
|
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The information on this page was adapted from the
following sources:
- 'Veg Out! The How, What, Why, When and Where of Vegetarianism' (Tom Perry, 2000).
- The Vegetarian Society of the UK's E
Numbers Information Sheet
- 'The Chemical Maze, Your Guide to Food Additives and Cosmetic Ingredients' (Bill Statham
2001)
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